Vernacular Architecture can be defined as that style of architecture which is based on local needs, culture, construction materials and knowledge and reflects local traditions. Vernacular architecture came into existence when a human being was compelled to provide himself a shelter to safeguard himself from climate and other environmental factors. The outcome had to be something which was responsive and acted as a shield to these elements.
Originally, this style did not need formally trained architects but design skills of local builders were relied on. Thus this architecture was as per local conditions and was simple and practical. However, now this style is being adapted by formally trained architects because of the many advantages this kind of architecture offers.
Vernacular architecture was more visible in the majority of buildings and settlements of pre-industrial period. Post industrial, such simple traditions were regarded as backward, and were replaced by modern architecture. However, due to the recent rise in energy costs, the trend has swung back as these structures have turned out to be energy efficient and sustainable.
Some of the major advantages of Vernacular Architecture are:
- A building can be a net zero energy and be a self-sufficient building by applying a vernacular approach to contemporary design.
- This style has a climate-responsive approach.
- Being climate responsive will require less maintenance.
- It has resource conscious solutions.
- Using locally available materials and resources will lead to economical construction.
- It develops an important relationship between humans and the environment in which they live.
However, there can be few disadvantages of this style. An architect may face some limitations while designing as he will have to choose among the available materials and resources only. This may force the architect to limit his design. There may be some structural constraint due to limitation in materials to be used, for example it may not be possible to have very high structures.
So, the best way to design is to fully capitalize on the advantages of this style of architecture and try to work on disadvantages so that there is less negative impact of these disadvantages.
Ashray Grover